Article 21 of the Constitution, "Freedom to manifest one's thought," yes, but only for journalists (fascism). This
says dr. Anthony Giangrande, president of the Association Against All mafias and author of "Italy's Cupboard, Italy that we are."
On the subject of wiretapping many have raised the issue of freedom of expression of one's thought, constitutionally guaranteed.
I Magistrati vorrebbero il libero arbitrio sul loro uso a fini investigativi. Nel mucchio si cerca la prova per manifestare un reato, spesso ad uso di lotta politica, invertendo l’ordine della giustizia, ossia: prima la denuncia di reato, poi la prova della sua fondatezza.
I Politici vorrebbero l’assoluto impedimento sul loro uso, per garantirsi l’impunità.
I giornalisti vorrebbero il totale uso, sia a fini investigativi che informativi, affinché siano liberi di allestire gogne mediatiche e di sbattere i mostri in prima pagina.
Nessuno che chieda al cittadino, intercettato e sputtanato, spesso senza che ci sia reato, cosa pensa.
Tutti parlano e sparlano, nessuno ascolta la voce del popolo.
So here's the real problem: there is freedom of speech?
Article. 21 of the Constitution states: "Everyone has the right to freely express their thoughts through speech, writing, and any other means of communication."
The Italian Court of Cassation has recently established a set of requirements that a manifestation of thought can be regarded as being in the right of criticism and commentary: truth (you can not accuse a person on the basis of false information), continence and public interest. If it comes to personal matters, even if true and continents, should not be published. In this respect the limits set by operating a criminal defamation and insult. In generally constitute a clear limit to the freedom of the press also honor and dignity. All this has become true after the Data Protection Act of 1996. Who is involved in legal proceedings could not be photographed at a time when it is subjected to imprisonment. Similarly, the names and pictures of children are obscured by 1996.
Thus, the right to express their ideas is realized in the freedom to criticize, to inform and be informed. Freedom of information and the freedom to be informed, giving rise to so-called right to information.
The methods for the externalization of thought and critical to the Supreme Court stated that it may also occur in a tank, it is not necessary that you express in homes, as is considered appropriate, institutional or media, where debates are held between the representatives of political and commentators. Otherwise, it would be unduly restricted, if not trampled upon, the right of expression it is for the common citizen.
Moreover, the Supreme Court said that the criticism may exist in the form of the more incisive and penetrating, using evocative phrases also, the higher is the public position of the person it is addressed.
This is what is written in the rules above, but in fact, then, the system gives you and the system subs.
Carlo Ruta is a Sicilian town on 8 May 2008 was convicted of "clandestine press" because the owner of a website, which was information that had been done without civil registration at the Registry of the Court of Modica. The violation is art. 16 of Act 47 of 1948, which mainly concerns the printed newspaper, but in this case was applied to websites and blogs. In the United States of America, the First Amendment of the Constitution which protects freedom of the press, blogs, and also protects other website "amateur." Bloggers In Italy, as the last bastion of truth, daily risk of being sued or even prosecuted for defamation in the press, a process that may also be requested, a pretext, by people convicted in a criminal court and sentenced to long prison sentences even for serious events.
What does this mean?
It means that in Republican "Everyone has the right to freely express their thoughts in speech, writing, and any other means of communication" only if it occurs on magazines. The
magazines and other sources of information are harnessed by the Press Law (Law No. 47 of 8 February 1948), in which two building blocks are the creation of the director and the establishment of the Order of Journalists ( Law No. 69 of 1963). The principles behind the legge sono quel «senso altissimo di responsabilità» di cui ha parlato Mussolini alla prima riunione dei giornalisti fascisti, e la «prevalenza della libertà dello Stato su quella del cittadino» sbandierata da Amicucci, segretario del sindacato nazionale fascista dei giornalisti, che prende il posto della disciolta Federazione della stampa.
Altro problema si è posto con la nascita dell'emittenza privata e con le radio e telegiornali diffusi dai privati e per questo la legge 14 aprile 1975 "Nuove norme in materia di diffusione radiofonica e televisiva" ha sancito con l'articolo 7: “Ai telegiornali ed ai giornali radio si applicano le norme sulla registrazione dei giornali e periodici contenute negli articoli 5 e 6 della legge February 8, 1948 No 47, the news directors of radio and newspapers are, to this end, the Directors considered responsible. " With television and radio program information is analyzed in-depth news that has already been the subject of the news, then acquired by the viewer, in order to ensure proper information on a matter of undoubted public interest. A container very pleasing to the general public is the talk show, where the conductor, usually in feet, is ideally surrounded by the participants. Introduced the topic of transmission, the host gives away to the debate by asking questions to which participants respond by exposing their case.
In depth program information, the objective journalist's primary theme is the avoidance of doubt bringing out the truth. As a result, will present the fact as proven by investigations, testimony, judicial orders, documents, official sources, etc.. Will use the aid of persons with special expertise on the subject to be treated. In short, the report will encourage the viewer to the fact. Here the journalist
conductor produces information. He has an active role in the program and is the main protagonist, an essential part of the hearing. It may, indeed, he should stop, contradicting the host, who makes statements are not true, having only the function of the viewer to relate to realtà. Quando il suo atteggiamento è a ciò finalizzato, il giornalista conduttore non può mai essere tacciato di “faziosità”, perché garantisce l’obiettività dell’informazione.
Ma negli ultimi anni è andata manifestandosi la tendenza a far prevalere sull’accertamento della verità il punto di vista, la valutazione, la posizione soggettiva di chi partecipa al programma. Tendenza marcata nei programmi informativi a contenuto politico. Qui l’aspetto dell’inchiesta giornalistica è marginale, a volte assente. I protagonisti del programma sono i soggetti politici, rappresentati nel rispetto del principio del pluralismo, ma che nella maggior parte dei casi sono, per ovvi reasons, an interest inconsistent with the public interest to acquire the fact in its completeness and objectivity. There is widespread
attributes the phenomenon to a precise choice of newspapers and journalists of the same conductors, which deliberately refrain from the further fact to give space to the voices of politicians. It 'also true, however, that such conduct is required by law substantially in recent periods have been empowered to regulate the broadcasting sector, largely adopted by the Parliamentary Supervisory Authority undeniably political nature, are seen as appointed Its 40 members (jointly by the chairmen of the House and Senate, but chosen between all groups).
So, to express their ideas have to be journalists. In addition, most news agencies, newspapers and television stations are privately owned publishing. Very often, this owner is a party, or are managed by large economic and financial groups who exercise any kind of influence. When the property is public, it is in the hands of the political spectrum. Hence the expression of lots of public information system: biased and uninformative. What
free information can be provided by persons hired by the economy (property or publicity) or kneeling to politics, the judiciary, or the Order which owns the Register.
"At dawn we are fascists" is a contribution on the theme of Rinaldo Boggiani.
were the Jesuits, in the nineteenth century, to propose that the journalists were forced to join a professional register. Since then ...
The establishment of a system that selects those who can write on the periodical press, and political programs of the Jesuits.
"Journalism has no guarantee," writes Catholic Civilization 4 December 1883. And again in 1913: "The worst thing is that the journalistic profession is free from any hindrance in the exercise, do not need proof of eligibility, or certification or guarantees of morality, I mean so many tests and licenses, the press is something not immune. In the name of the sovereign people every educator must have its certificate on stamped paper, the university learned of the sottomaestro village. Provided is something even the nun who oversees the brats in kindergartens, only the large pulpit of advertising is free, but any humbug or villain can climb as a prophet to express his opinion. "
" With the establishment of 'professional register "writes Herman Amick, the proponent of the Law and Order establishing the School of Journalism, the future Secretary General of the National Union of Journalists, the last editor of Corriere della Sera of the fascist era," Fascism has solved this problem: usurpers take possession of an unauthorized power. No longer can henceforth do journalism, the coveted peccatorum refugium, a comfortable asylum for all refugees, the recurrence of many being moved, to practice as a journalist, in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation for the Register , you should have well-defined qualifications and moral. "
Article 7 Law of 31 December 1925, n. 2307:" It is an established order of the journalists who will have his headquarters in the city where there is the court of appeal. "The book answers an ideology of Summit, control, control, planning, therefore, welcome the idea that the fascists of the Jesuits, is certainly no wonder, indeed it is confirmation from an organization that can not give up such control.
With the fall of fascism, the fledgling democracy would have to remove the book, putting it among the sad memories of totalitarian madness: the ones to feed the kids to study the historical memory.
But the political goals of the new ruling class, were others. How to cancel such an instrument of power? A quick make-up and voila, you're done. The lawyers, those who live in the shadow of the chair of the Prince, went to work by changing a few words. So
art. 4 of Royal Decree of 26 February 1928, No 384: "The roll of journalists is composed of three lists, one of the professionals, the other praticanti, il terzo di pubblicisti", diventò l'art. 1 della legge repubblicana del 3 febbraio 1963, n. 69: "È istituito l'ordine dei giornalisti. A esso appartengono i giornalisti professionisti e i pubblicisti, iscritti nei rispettivi elenchi dell'albo".
E ancora: Regio decreto 26 febbraio 1928, a. 1: "Presso ogni sindacato regionale fascista dei giornalisti esistente nel regno è istituito l'albo professionale per i giornalisti. I giornalisti che siano residenti nelle colonie, sono iscritti nell'albo professionale di Roma". Legge repubblicana del 3 febbraio 1963, n. 69, a. 26: "Presso ogni Consiglio dell'Ordine regionale o interregionale è istituito l'albo dei giornalisti. I giornalisti che abbiano la loro abituale residenza fuori del territorio della Repubblica sono iscritti nell'albo di Roma".
Ecco fatto: tutto come prima. Oggi ci ritroviamo a rimpiangere le libertà del ‘800.
"Albi di giornalisti!" ha detto Luigi Einaudi, "Idea da pedanti, da falsi professori, da giornalisti mancati, da gente vogliosa di impedire agli altri di pensare con la propria testa. L'albo è un comico non senso, è immorale perché tende a porre un limite a quel che limiti non ha e non deve avere, alla libera espressione del pensiero".
Ritorniamo sul problema: non si sa mai che ci sfugga qualcosa. Si può giustificare l'Ordine dei giornalisti in un sistema democratico, e può continuare in democrazia un istituto voluto da un regime totalitario?
In merito all'Ordine dei giornalisti, cosa ne pensa la Corte Costituzionale?
"La legge istitutiva dell'Ordine", ha detto il giudice che doveva ripulire l'ordinamento dalle invenzioni fasciste, "disciplina l'esercizio professionale giornalistico e non l'uso del giornale come mezzo di manifestazione del pensiero, sicché, esso non tocca il diritto di manifestare liberamente il pensiero che l'articolo 21 della Costituzione riconosce a tutti" (sentenza n. 11 del 1968). Concetto scombinato: da una parte l'esercizio professionale dall'altra l'uso del giornale.
Se l'Ordine dei giornalisti non ha alcuna legittimazione democratica; se la sua istituzione è logically and historically fascist, what justification damage, such arguments rely on its defense the top of the Order itself?
The arguments to this effect: "The Order means the legal recognition of the profession of journalist. The state examination is required by Article 33 of the Constitution. Without examination and without title who work in newsrooms is reduced to be an employee or a journeyman. Without the law establishing the Order would not, moreover, to observe the mandatory legal ethics rules. "
First: I've heard arguments. "The Fascist National Union of Journalists aims to protect the moral and material interests of the profession."
Secondo: l'art. 33 della Costituzione al comma 5 dice: "È prescritto un esame di Stato per l'ammissione ai vari ordini e gradi di scuole o per la conclusione di essi e per l'abilitazione all'esercizio professionale". Non dice altro. Dal testo della dichiarazione, detta e scritta in più occasioni, sembra che la Costituzione legittimi l'Ordine.
Terzo: "l'obbligatorietà giuridica di osservare regole etiche", risponde solo a un'ideologia totalizzante; è un ossimoro, cioè un serpente logico che si mangia la coda, del tipo libertà obbligatoria. "La libertà di stampa" dichiarò infatti il Duce, al primo Congresso del Sindacato Nazionale Fascista dei giornalisti in Campidoglio nel gennaio 1924, "non is only a right is a duty. "
The Order, therefore, is to protect the character and professionalism of the journalist.
" The Order of the journalists, "say the institutional leaders of the Order" is a guarantee of independence " .
According to the report in May 1994 from the private American organization Freedom House press freedom in the world, Italy ranks last among the industrialized countries because of the plot between the media, economic power and political power.
Put Tangentopoli journalists before the phenomenon is like shooting a dead man: where were the journalists and the rotten system? What say when everybody knew everything? In a democratic system journalist controls all. In Italy all control journalists.
brings us to close the circle, the circles of the press. "Each regional Fascist Union," wrote the Hon. Amick has set up one or more of the Press Club, meeting places where journalists gather around him the choicest part of the intellectual world of the city. "
And so today. "The most shameful episode of the whole affair is perhaps Tortora dall'accorrere of Naples well represented at the Press Club for the presentation of the book" John is beautiful ", autobiography of John Melluso (one of the repentant autoaccusatosi of drug trafficking in order to acknowledge Tortora) dictated by this character a lady, a joint senior magistrate. Around the custodian of the precious narrative crowd did judges, spouses of the same, editors, and business men of the world, various courtiers.
"The Press Club," wrote the Hon. Ermanno Amick, "have a recreational function and cultural ".
Thank you.
President Dr Antonio Giangrande - ASSOCIATION AGAINST ALL THE MAFIA
099.9708396 - 328.9163996
www.controtuttelemafie.it
www.malagiustizia.eu
www.ingiustizia.info
supports the association. Ask the book http://www.controtuttelemafie.it/contributi.htm
0 comments:
Post a Comment